Phase 13: Tools & Protocols
AI From Scratch/Lesson 04/~75 minutes

Structured Output — JSON Schema, Pydantic, Zod, Constrained Decoding

"Ask the model nicely to return JSON" fails 5 to 15 percent of the time, even on frontier models. Structured outputs close that gap with constrained decoding: the model is literally prevented from emitting a token that would violate the sc...

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